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Concussion, often referred to as a mild traumatic brain injury, can occur as a result of a sudden hit, bump or jolt to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly within the skull. Concussion can occur in a cycling accident even at low speed. Recognising the signs and symptoms of concussion is critical for ensuring the safety and well-being of riders under your care.

Concussion symptoms can vary widely and may not always be immediately apparent. Common signs and symptoms to watch for include:

• Confusion / inability to speak
• Answers questions slowly
• Repeats questions
• Can’t recall events prior to or after the incident
• Loss of consciousness (does not always occur)
• Shows behaviour or personality changes (eg aggression)
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Changes in vision

If a rider has been involved in a crash or fall, it's essential to assess their condition carefully and be alert for signs of concussion. Here's what you can do:

1. Stop and Assess: If a rider has been involved in an incident, stop the ride immediately and assess their condition. Ask the rider how they are feeling.
2. Look for Symptoms: Be vigilant for symptoms of concussion, even if the rider appears outwardly uninjured, if their helmet appears undamaged or if the accident appeared mild. Ask them about symptoms such as headache, dizziness and nausea, and observe their behaviour closely for any signs of confusion or disorientation.
3. Advise Medical Attention: If you suspect that a rider may have sustained a concussion, advise them to stop riding and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Calling an ambulance may be a suitable option. Even if symptoms appear mild, it's best to err on the side of caution and ensure that the rider receives proper evaluation and care from a qualified healthcare professional. “If in doubt, sit them out!”
4. Monitor and Follow Up: After the accident, follow up with the rider to check on their progress and ensure that they are receiving appropriate medical care.